List of Rulers of Egypt throughout History
N.B. Dates of Pharaonic Era is adopted from Baines and Málek, Atlas of Ancient Egypt, Oxford, 1988
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 1st Dynasty |
Narmer/Menes c. 3200-2920 - ?
Aha ? - ?
Djer ? - ?
Djet (Wadj) ? - ?
Den ? - ?
Anedjib ? - ?
Semerkhet ? - ?
Qa'a ? - ?
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 2nd Dynasty |
Hotepsekhemwy c. 2770 - ?
Reneb ? - ?
Ninetjer ? - ?
Seth-Peribsen ? - ?
Khasekhemwy ? - ?
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 3rd Dynasty |
Sanakhte (Nebka) 2649 - 2630
Djoser (Netjerykhet) 2630 - 2611
Sekhemkhet 2611 - 2603
Khaba 2603 - 2599
Huni 2599 - 2575
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 4th Dynasty |
Snefru 2575 - 2551
Khufu (Cheops) 2551 - 2528
Radjedef (Djedefre) 2528 - 2520
Khafre (Chephren) 2520 - 2494
Menkaure' (Mycerinus) 2490 - 2472
Shepseskaf 2472 - 2467
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 5th Dynasty |
Userkaf 2465 - 2458
Sahure 2458 - 2446
Neferirkare Kakai 2446 - 2426
Shepseskare 2426 - 2419
Raneferef (a.k.a. Neferefre) 2419 - 2416
Niuserre (Ini) 2416 - 2392
Menkauhor 2396 - 2388
Djedkare (Isesi) 2388 - 2356
Wenis (Unas) 2356 - 2323
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 6th Dynasty |
Teti 2323 - 2291
Pepi I (Meryre) 2289 - 2255
Merenre (Nemtyemzaf) 2255 - 2246
Pepi II (Neferkare) 2246 - 2152
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 7-8th Dynasty |
Numerous ephemeral kings, including Neferkare' 2150 - 2134
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 9-10th Dynasty |
Several kings called Khety; Merykare' and Ity 2134 - 2040
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 11th Dynasty |
Inyotef I (Sehertawy) 2134 - 2118
Inyotef II (Wahankh) 2118 - 2069
Inyotef III (Nakhtnebtepnefer) 2069 - 2061
Montuhotep I 2061 - 2010
Montuhotep II 2010 - 1998
Montuhotep III 1998 - 1991
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 12th Dynasty |
Amenemhat I (Ammenemes) 1991 - 1962
Senwosret I (Sesostris) 1971 - 1926
Amenemhat II 1929 - 1892
Senwosret II 1897 - 1878
Senwosret III 1878 - 1841?
Amenemhat III 1844 - 1797
Amenemhat IV 1799 - 1787
Nefrusobek (Sobeknefru, Sobekkare) (fem.) 1787 - 1783
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 13th Dynasty |
About 70 kings in chaotic period 1783 - 1640
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 14th Dynasty |
Nehesy ? - ?
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 15th Dynasty |
Salitis (Sheshi) ? - ?
Yakubher ? - ?
Khyan ? - ?
Apepi I (Apophis I) c. 1585 - 1542
Apepi II (Apophis II) ? - ?
Khamudi c. 1542 - 1532
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 16th Dynasty |
Anather ? - ?
Yakobaam ? - ?
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 17th Dynasty |
Inyotef V c. 1640 - 1635
Sobekhemsaf II ? - ?
Inyotef VII (Intef VII) ? - ?
Tao I (Sanakkhtenre) ? - ?
Tao II (Seqenenre) ? - ?
Kamose (Wadjkheperre) c. 1555 - 1550
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 18th Dynasty |
Ahmose I 1550 - 1525
Amenhotep I (a.k.a. Amenophis in Greek) 1525 - 1504
Thutmose I (a.k.a. Thutmosis in Greek) 1504 - 1492
Thutmose II 1492 - 1479
Thutmose III 1479 - 1425
Hatshepsut (fem.) 1473 - 1458
Amenhotep II 1427 - 1401
Thutmose IV 1401 - 1391
Amenhotep III 1391 - 1353
Amenhotep IV Akhenaten 1353 - 1335
Smenkhkare 1335 - 1333
Tutankhamun 1333 - 1323
Ay 1323 - 1319
Horemheb 1319 - 1307
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 19th Dynasty |
Ramesses I 1307 - 1306
Seti I (Sethos I) 1306 - 1290
Ramesses II 1290 - 1224
Merenptah 1224 - 1214
Amenmesses (usurper)
Seti II(Merenptah) 1214 - 1204
Siptah (Merenptah) 1204 - 1198
Queen Twosret (Tausert) (fem.) 1198 - 1196
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 20th Dynasty |
Setnakht 1196 - 1194
Ramesses III 1194 - 1163
Ramesses IV 1163 - 1156
Ramesses V 1156 - 1151
Ramesses VI 1151 - 1143
Ramesses VII 1143 - 1136
Ramesses VIII 1136 - 1131
Ramesses IX 1131 - 1112
Ramesses X 1112 - 1100
Ramesses XI 1100 - 1070
Thebes Priests
Herihor 1080 - 1074
Piankh 1074 - 1070
Pinedjem I 1070 - 1032
Masaherta 1054 - 1046
Menkheperre 1045 - 992
Nesbanebdjed II 992 - 990
Pinedjem II 990 - 969
Pasebakhaenniut III 969 - 945
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 21st Dynasty |
Smendes I (Nesbanebdjed or Hedjkheperre) 1070 - 1044
Amenemnisu (Neferkare) 1044 - 1040
Psusennes I (Pasebakhaenniut I) 1040 - 992
Amenemope (Meryamun or Amenophthis) 993 - 984
Osorkon the Elder (Osochor) 984 - 978
Siamun 978 - 959
Psusennes II (Pasebakhaenniut II) 959 - 945
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 22nd Dynasty |
Sheshonq I (a.k.a. Shoshenq or Sheshonk) 945 - 924
Osorkon II 924 - 909
Takelot I 909 - ?
Sheshonq II ? - 883
Osorkon III 883 - 855
Takelot II 860 - 835
Sheshonq III 835 - 783
Pami 783 - 773
Sheshonq V 773 - 735
Osorkon V 735 - 712
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 23rd Dynasty |
Pedibastet (Meryamun) 828 - 803
Osorkon IV 777 - 749
Rudamun ? - ?
Iuput (at Leontopolis) ? - ?
Peftjauabastet (Peftjauawybast) (at Herakleopolis) 740 - 725
Nimlot (at Hermopolis) ? - ?
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 24th Dynasty |
Tefnakht (Shepsesre) (at Sais) 724 - 717
Bakenrenef (a.k.a. Bocchoris or Wahkare) 717 - 712
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 25th Dynasty |
Kashta 770 - 750
Piankhi (Piyi) 750 - 712
Shabaka (Neferkare, Sabacon) 712 - 698
Shebitku (Djedkare) 698 - 690
Taharqa 690 - 664
Tanutamun (a.k.a. Tantamani) 664 - 657
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 26th Dynasty |
Psamtik I (a.k.a. Psammetichus I) 664 - 610
Nekau II (Necho II) 610 - 595
Psamtik II 595 - 589
Wahibre (Apries) 589 - 570
Ahmose II (Amasis) 570 - 526
Psamtik III (Psammetichus) 526 - 525
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 27th Dynasty |
Cambyses 525 - 522
Darius I 521 - 486
Xerxes I 486 - 466
Artaxerxes I 465 - 424
Darius II 424 - 404
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 28th Dynasty |
Amyrtaeus 404 - 399
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 29th Dynasty |
Nepherites I (Nefaarud I) 399 - 393
Psammuthis 393
Achoris (Hakor) 393 - 380
Nepherites I 380
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 30th Dynasty |
Nectanebo I (Nakhtnebef) 380 - 362
Teos (Djedhor) 365 - 360
Nectanebo II (Nakhthoreb) 360 - 343
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Ruler Pharaonic Era 31st Dynasty |
Artaxerxes III 343 - 338
Arses 338 - 336
Darius III 335 - 332
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Greek Era |
Macedonian Era
Alexander the Great 332 - 323
Philip Arrhidaeus 323 - 316
Alexander IV 316 - 304
Ptolemaic Dynasty
Ptolemy I Soter I 304 - 284
Ptolemy II Philadelphus 285 - 246
Ptolemy III Euergetes I 246 - 221
Ptolemy IV Philopator 221 - 205
Ptolemy V Epiphanes I 205 - 180
Ptolemy VI Philometor 180 - 164, 163 - 145
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Physcon) 170 - 163, 145 - 116
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 145
Cleopatra III (fem.)and Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyrus) 116 - 107
Cleopatra III (fem.)and Ptolemy X Alexander I 107 - 88
Ptolemy IX Soter II 88 - 81
Ptolemy XI Alexander II 80
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes) 80 - 58, 55 - 51
Berenice IV (fem.) 58 - 55
Cleopatra VII (fem.) 51 - 30
Ptolemy XIII 51 - 47
Ptolemy XIV 47 - 44
Ptolemy XV Caesarion 44 - 30
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Roman Era |
Augustus 30 BCE- 14 CE
Tiberius 14 - 37
Gaius (Caligula) 37 - 41
Claudius 41 - 54
Nero 54 - 68
Galba 68 - 69
Otho 69
Vespasian 69 - 79
Titus 79 - 81
Domitian 81 - 96
Nerva 96 - 98
Trajan 98 - 117
Hadrian 117 - 138
Antoninus Pius 138 - 161
Marcus Aurelius 161 - 180
Commodus 180 - 192
Helvius Pertinax 192 - 193
Didius Julianus 193
Septimus Severus 193 - 211
Caracalla 198 - 217
Geta 209 - 212
Macrinus 217 - 218
Elagabalus 218 - 222
Severus Alexander 222 - 235
Gordian III 238 - 244
Philip the Arab 244 - 249
Decius 249 - 251
Gallus and Volusianus 251 - 253
Valerian 253 - 260
Gallienus 253 - 268
Macrianus and Quietus 260 - 261
Aurelian 270 - 275
Probus 276 - 282
Diocletian 284 - 305
Mazimian 286 - 305
Galerius 293 - 311
Valens 314
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Byzantine Era |
Constantine I the Great 324 - 337
Constantius 337 - 361
Julian the Apostate 361 - 363
Jovian 363 - 364
Valens 364 - 378
Theodosius I 378 - 395
Arcadius 395 - 408
Theodosius II 408 - 450
Marcian 450 - 457
Leo I 457 - 474
Leo II 474
Zeno 474 - 491
Anastasius 491 - 518
Justin I 518 - 527
Justinian the Great 527 - 565
Justin II 565 - 578
Tiberius II 578 - 582
Maurice 582 - 602
Phocas 602 - 610
Heraclius 610 - 641
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Islamic Era Arab conquest and Umayyad Dynasty |
Omar Ibn Al-Khattab 641 - 644
Othman Ibn Affan 644 - 656
Ali Ibn Abi Taleb 656 - 661
Muaweya I (Ibn Abi Sofyan) 661 - 680
Yazid I 680 - 683
Muaweya II 683 - 684
Marawan I (Ibn Al-Hakam) 684 - 685
Abdel Malek Ibn Marawans 685 - 705
Al Walid I (Ibn Abdel Malek) 705 - 715
Suleyman Ibn Abdel Malek 715 - 717
Omar Abdel Aziz 717 - 720
Yazid II 720 - 724
Hisham Ibn Abdel Malek 724 - 743
Al Walid II (Ibn Yazid) 743 - 744
Yazid III (Ibn Al-Walid) 744
Ibrahim Ibn Al-Walid 744
Marwan II (Ibn Mohamed) 744 - 750
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Abbasid Dynasty |
Abul-Abbas Abdullah Al-Saffah 750 - 754
Abu Jaafar Al-Mansour 754 - 775
Mohammed Abu Abd Allah Al-Mahdi 775 - 785
Musa Ibn Al-Mahdi 785 - 785
Harun Al-Rashid 786 - 809
Mohammed Al-Amin 809 - 813
Abdullah Al-Ma'mun 813 - 817
Moussa 817 - 819
Abdullah Al-Ma'mun (restored) 819 - 833
Abu Is-hak Al-Mutasim Billah 833 - 841
Harun Al-Wathek Billah 841 - 847
Jaafar Al-Mutawakkel 847 - 861
Mohammed Al-Muntasser Billah 861 - 862
Ahmed Al-Musta'in 862 - 866
Al-Mutazz Billah 866 - 868
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Tulunid Dynasty |
Ahmed Ibn Tulun 868 - 884
Abul Jeish Khumaraweih 884 - 896
Abul Asaker Jeish 896
Harun 896 - 904
Shayban 904
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Abbasid Dynasty |
Abu Mohamed Al-Muktafi Billah 905 - 908
Al-Muqtadir Billah 908 - 932
Abu Mansour Al-Qaher Billah 932 - 934
Abu Al-Abbasi Al-Radi Billah 934 - 935
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Ikhshidid Dynasty |
Mohammed Ibn Toghj Al-Ikhshid 935 - 946
Abul Qassem Unujur 946 - 961
Abul Hassan Ali 961 - 966
Abul Mesk Kafur 966 - 968
Abul Fawares Ahmed Ben Ali 968 - 969
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Fatamid Dynasty |
Al-Muizz li Din Allah 969 - 975
Al-Aziz Li Din Allah Nezar Abu Mansour 975 - 996
Al-Hakim Bi Amr Allah Al-Mansour Abu Ali 996 - 1021
Al-Zaher Li A'azaz Din Allah Ali Abul Hassan 1021 - 1035
Al-Mustansir Billah Mo'ed Abu Tamim 1035 - 1094
Al-Mustali Billah Ahmad Ibn Abul Qassem 1094 - 1101
Al-Amer Bi Ahkam Allah Al-Mansour Abu Ali 1101 - 1130
Al-Hafez Li Din Allah Abdel Meguid Abul Maymoun 1130 - 1149
Al-Zafer Bi Amr Allah Ismail Abu Mansour 1149 - 1154
Al-Fa'ez Bi Nasr Allah Eisa Abul Qassem 1154 - 1160
Al-Aded Abdullah Abu Mohamed 1160 - 1171
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Ayyubid Dynasty |
Al-Nasser Salah Al-Din Yusuf Ibn Ayyub (Saladin) 1171 - 1193
Al-Aziz Emad Al-Din Abul Fath Othman 1193 - 1198
Al-Mansour Nasser Al-Din 1198 - 1199
Al-Adel I Seif Al-Din 1200 - 1218
Al-Kamel Nasser Al-Din Mohammed 1218 - 1238
Al-Adel II Seif Al-Din 1238 - 1240
Al-Saleh Najm Al-Din Ayyub 1240 - 1249
Al-Mu'azzam Turan Shah 1249 - 1250
Al-Ashraf II Muzaffar Al-Din 1250 - 1253
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Bahari Mamluks |
Shagaret El-Dorr (fem.) with Al-Muezz Ezz Al-Din Aybak 1250 - 1257
Al-Mansour Nour Al-Din Ali 1257 - 1259
Al-Muzaffar Seif Al-Din Qutuz 1259 - 1260
Al-Zaher Rukn Al-Din Baybars I 1260 - 1277
Al-Saeed Naser Al-Din Baraka Khan 1277 - 1280
Al-Adel Badr Al-Din Salamish 1280
Al-Mansour Seif Al-Din Qalawun 1280 - 1290
Al-Ashraf Salah Al-Din Khalil 1290 - 1294
Al-Nasser Nasser Al-Din Mohamed, 1294 - 1295
Al-Adel Zein Al-Din Kitbugha 1295 - 1297
Al-Mansour Hossam Al-Din Lajin 1297 - 1299
Al-Nasser Nasser Al-Din Mohamed,(restored) 1299 - 1309
Al-Muzaffar Rukn Al-Din Baybars II 1309 - 1310
Al-Nasser Nasser Al-Din Mohamed,(re-restored) 1310 - 1340
Al-Mansour Seif Al-Din Abu Bakr 1340 - 1341
Al-Ashraf Alaa Al-Din Kujuk 1341 - 1342
Al-Nasser Shihab Al-Din Ahmad 1342
Al-Saleh Emad Al-Din Ismail 1342 - 1345
Al-Kamel Seif Al-Din Sha'ban I 1345 - 1346
Al-Muzaffar Seif Al-Din Hajji I 1346 - 1347
Al-Nasser Nasser Al-Din Al-Hasan 1347 - 1351
Al-Saleh Salah Al-Din Saleh 1351 - 1354
Al-Nasser Nasser Al-Din Al-Hasan (restored) 1354 - 1361
Al-Mansour Salah Al-Din Mohammed 1361 - 1363
Al-Ashraf Nasser Al-Din Sha'ban II 1363 - 1376
Al-Mansour Alaa Al-Din Ali 1376 - 1382
Al-Saleh Salah Al-Din Hajji II 1382
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Burgi Mamluks |
Al-Zaher Seif Al-Din Barquq 1382 - 1389
Hajji II (restored)(from Bahari Mamluks) 1389 - 1390
Barquq (restored) 1390 - 1399
Al-Nasser Nasr Al-Din Faraj 1399 - 1405
Al-Mansour Ezz Al-Din Abdel Aziz 1405
Faraj (restored) 1405 - 1412
Al-Adel Al-Musta'in II 1412
Al-Muayyad Seif Al-Din Shaikh 1412 - 1421
Al-Muzaffar Ahmad 1421
Al-Zaher Seif Al-Din Tatar 1421
Al-Saleh Nasir Al-Din Mohammed 1421 - 1422
Al-Ashraf Seif Al-Din Barsbay 1422 - 1438
Al-Aziz Jamal Al-Din Yusuf 1437 - 1438
Al-Zaher Seif Al-Din Jaqmaq 1438 - 1453
Al-Mansour Fakhr Al-Din Othman 1453
Al-Ashraf Seif Al-Din Inal 1453 - 1461
Al-Muayyad Shihab Al-Din Ahmad 1461
Al-Zaher Seif Al-Din Khushqadam 1461 - 1467
Al-Zaher Seif Al-Din Bilbay 1467 - 1468
Al-Zaher Timurbugha 1468
Al-Ashraf Seif Al-Din Qaitbay 1468 - 1496
Al-Nasser Mohammed 1496 - 1498
Al-Zaher Qunsowah 1498 - 1500
Al-Ashraf Janbalat 1500 - 1501
Al-Adel Tuman Bey I 1501
Al-Ashraf Qunsowah Al-Ghouri 1501 - 1517
Al-Ashraf Tuman Bey II 1517
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Ottomans |
Selim I, Yavuz (a.k.a The Grim) 1517 - 1520
Suleyman I, Kanuni (a.k.a The Lawgiver or The Magnificent). 1520 - 1566
Selim II, Sarhosh (The Sot). 1566 - 1574
Murad III 1574 - 1595
Mehmed III 1595 - 1603
Ahmed I 1603 - 1617
Mustapha I 1617 - 1618
Othman II 1618 - 1622
Mustapha I (restored) 1622 - 1623
Murad IV 1623 - 1640
Ibrahim I 1640 - 1648
Mehmed IV 1648 - 1687
Suleyman II 1687 - 1691
Ahmed II 1691 - 1695
Mustapha II 1695 - 1703
Ahmed III 1703 - 1730
Mahmud I 1730 - 1754
Othman II 1754 - 1757
Mustapha III 1757 - 1773
Abdul Hamid I 1773 - 1789
Selim III 1789 - 1805
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Mohamed Ali Dynasty |
Mohammed Ali 1805 - 1848
Ibrahim 1848
Abbas I 1848 - 1854
Said 1854 - 1863
Ismail 1863 - 1879
Tawfik 1879 - 1892
Abbas II Helmy 1892 - 1914
Hussein Kamel 1914 - 1917
Fuad I 1917 - 1936
Farouk 1936 - 1952
Ahmed Fuad 1952 - 1953
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The Republic |
Mohammed Naguib 1953 - 1954
Jamal Abdel Nasser 1954 - 1970
Anwar El-Sadat 1970 - 1981
Mohamed Hosni Mubarak 1981 – 2011
Military Council 2011- 2012
Mohamed Morsi 2012-2013
Adly mansour 2013-2014
Abdel fathah el SIsi 2014- 2022